BioVector? Mycoplasma hominis ATCC 23114 菌株 / BioVector? Mycoplasma hominis ATCC 23114 Strain

通用定義 / General Definition:

BioVector? Mycoplasma hominis ATCC 23114（又稱 PG21 菌株）是人型支原體的模式菌株。作為柔膜菌綱 (Mollicutes) 的一員，它不僅是自然界中已知最小的能獨立生活的原核生物之一，而且天生缺乏細胞壁。該菌株最初從人體直腸拭子中分離，是人類泌尿生殖道的條件致病菌，常與細菌性陰道病 (BV)、盆腔炎 (PID) 以及產(chǎn)后/流產(chǎn)后發(fā)熱相關。在代謝方面，ATCC 23114 具有一個顯著特征：它依賴精氨酸 (Arginine) 的水解來獲取能量（通過精氨酸脫亞胺酶途徑），這與分解尿素的解脲支原體形成鮮明對比。

BioVector? Mycoplasma hominis ATCC 23114 (also known as strain PG21) is the type strain for Mycoplasma hominis. Belonging to the class Mollicutes, it is among the smallest known free-living prokaryotes and is characterized by its natural lack of a peptidoglycan cell wall. Originally isolated from a human rectal swab, it acts as an opportunistic pathogen in the human urogenital tract, strongly associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV), pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and postpartum or post-abortum fevers.Metabolically, ATCC 23114 is distinguished by its reliance on the hydrolysis of arginine for energy production (via the arginine deiminase pathway), standing in contrast to urea-splitting organisms like Ureaplasma.

BioVector? ATCC 23114 技術說明書 (Technical Datasheet)

中文版說明書 (Chinese Datasheet)

1. 產(chǎn)品基本信息

• 產(chǎn)品名稱： BioVector? 人型支原體 (Mycoplasma hominis) ATCC 23114

  
  

• 其他編號： PG21, NCTC 10111, DSM 25592

  
  

• 形態(tài)特征： 高度多形性（可呈球狀、細絲狀或燒瓶狀），直徑極小；由于無細胞壁，革蘭氏染色無效。

• 全基因組參考： 該菌株是經(jīng)過全基因組測序的模式標準株，基因組極度精簡。

2. 培養(yǎng)條件

• 基礎培養(yǎng)基： BioVector? 支原體肉湯/瓊脂（如 ATCC Medium 1076b 或 SP4 培養(yǎng)基），必須添加精氨酸 (L-Arginine) 和動物血清（提供膽固醇以穩(wěn)定其單層細胞膜）。

• 代謝指示： 培養(yǎng)基中常含有酚紅。當精氨酸被代謝產(chǎn)生氨時，培養(yǎng)基 pH 升高，顏色由橘紅/黃變深紅色。

• 大氣環(huán)境： 液體培養(yǎng)可好氧進行；固體平板建議在 5% $CO_2$ 環(huán)境下培養(yǎng)。

• 培養(yǎng)溫度： 37 攝氏度。

  
  

3. 菌株應用

• 臨床診斷質(zhì)控： 作為 PCR 擴增、核酸探針及恒溫擴增檢測體系的陽性核酸提取標準品。

  
  

• 耐藥性分析： 由于其天然缺乏細胞壁，對 $\beta$-內(nèi)酰胺類抗生素絕對耐藥；常用于測試四環(huán)素類、氟喹諾酮類藥物的敏感性（注意：人型支原體通常對大環(huán)內(nèi)酯類如紅霉素天然耐藥）。

• 蛋白組學研究： 研究極其精簡基因組下的必需生命活動途徑。

4. 注意事項

• 生長觀察： 在液體培養(yǎng)基中，支原體的生長通常不會產(chǎn)生明顯的“渾濁 (Turbidity)”，判斷生長的主要依據(jù)是指示劑的顏色變化。

• 傳代時機： 顏色一旦發(fā)生顯著改變需立即傳代或凍存，堿性代謝產(chǎn)物的積累會迅速殺死細胞。

English Datasheet

1. General Product Information

• Product Name: BioVector? Mycoplasma hominis ATCC 23114

  
  

• Alternative Designations: PG21, NCTC 10111, DSM 25592

  
  

• Morphology: Highly pleomorphic (spherical, filamentous, or flask-shaped) due to the absence of a rigid cell wall. Unresponsive to Gram staining.

• Genomic Standard: This is a fully sequenced type strain possessing a highly reduced, minimalist genome.

  
  

2. Culture Conditions

• Basal Media: BioVector? Mycoplasma Broth/Agar (e.g., ATCC Medium 1076b or SP4 medium), strictly supplemented with L-Arginine and animal serum (to provide cholesterol for membrane sterol biosynthesis).

• Growth Indicator: Phenol red is typically included. As arginine is catabolized into ammonia, the pH shifts upward, turning the medium from orange/yellow to a deep pink/red.

  
  

• Environment: Liquid cultures can be incubated aerobically; agar plates should be incubated at 37°C in a 5% $CO_2$ atmosphere.

  
  

3. Applications

• Molecular Diagnostics: Serves as the primary positive control and reference standard for assay development, qPCR, and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) protocols targeting urogenital mycoplasmas.

  
  

• Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST): Naturally resistant to beta-lactams and typically resistant to macrolides (e.g., erythromycin). Used primarily to screen efficacies of tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones.

• Minimalist Biology: Utilized to study fundamental cellular processes driven by a minimal set of essential genes.

4. Key Usage Notes

• Visualizing Growth:Mycoplasma cultures typically do not produce macroscopic turbidity in broth. Growth must be monitored almost exclusively via the pH-driven color change.

• Viability Preservation: Harvest or subculture immediately upon observing the alkaline color shift, as the rapid accumulation of ammonia is highly autotoxic to the culture.

注意 / Note:Mycoplasma hominis 在瓊脂平板上的菌落特征極其微小（通常 < 0.5 mm），需在低倍顯微鏡（如立體顯微鏡）下觀察。雖然它可能呈現(xiàn)典型的“油煎蛋 (fried-egg)”形態(tài)，但 ATCC 23114 菌株在某些非最適培養(yǎng)基上可能僅表現(xiàn)為無明顯暈圈的顆粒狀致密菌落。

Colonies of Mycoplasma hominis on agar are microscopic (typically < 0.5 mm) and must be viewed under a stereomicroscope. While it can produce the classic "fried-egg" appearance, strain ATCC 23114 may simply form dense, granular colonies without a distinct peripheral halo depending on the precise medium composition.

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