NTCC? D2.0R細(xì)胞系（或稱 D2OR，Cellosaurus登錄號(hào)CVCL_0I88）是一種鼠源（小鼠）乳腺癌細(xì)胞模型，在癌癥研究中被廣泛用于研究腫瘤休眠和轉(zhuǎn)移復(fù)發(fā)。它通常與相關(guān)的、高增殖性的D2A1細(xì)胞系進(jìn)行比較研究。

• 起源: D2.0R細(xì)胞源自雌性BALB/c小鼠的D2乳腺增生性肺泡結(jié)節(jié)腫瘤，但其建系來(lái)源的腫瘤不易形成自發(fā)性轉(zhuǎn)移。

• 表型: 它的特點(diǎn)是在特定的微環(huán)境（體內(nèi)和體外）中表現(xiàn)出休眠或靜止表型。這些細(xì)胞可以以單個(gè)非增殖細(xì)胞的狀態(tài)長(zhǎng)期存活，然后在特定條件下重新激活并形成轉(zhuǎn)移灶。

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• 研究用途: 該細(xì)胞系對(duì)于研究控制腫瘤從休眠狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榍忠u性、增殖性轉(zhuǎn)移生長(zhǎng)的機(jī)制至關(guān)重要。研究人員利用它來(lái)探討細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)（ECM）成分（如I型膠原蛋白可誘導(dǎo)增殖）和免疫系統(tǒng)（如自然殺傷細(xì)胞在維持休眠中起關(guān)鍵作用）在調(diào)節(jié)休眠中的作用。

• 休眠標(biāo)志物: 休眠的D2.0R細(xì)胞通常表達(dá)較低水平的增殖標(biāo)志物Ki-67、磷酸化ERK，而表達(dá)較高水平的p38以及休眠相關(guān)基因，如Cfh和Gas6。ERK/p38活性的比例被認(rèn)為是判斷細(xì)胞增殖或休眠狀態(tài)的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。

• 培養(yǎng)條件: 在使用基底膜提取物（BME）基質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)3D培養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)中，D2.0R細(xì)胞通常保持靜止（休眠）狀態(tài)，而D2A1細(xì)胞則會(huì)增殖。

D2.0R模型已證實(shí)，使用針對(duì)活躍增殖細(xì)胞的常規(guī)化療可能會(huì)“放過(guò)”非分裂的休眠癌細(xì)胞，而這些細(xì)胞正是后期轉(zhuǎn)移的根源。這強(qiáng)調(diào)了開(kāi)發(fā)專門針對(duì)休眠細(xì)胞的治療方法的重要性。自體吞噬（Autophagy，又稱細(xì)胞自噬）被發(fā)現(xiàn)是促進(jìn)休眠D2.0R細(xì)胞存活的關(guān)鍵機(jī)制之一。

• Origin: The D2.0R cells were derived from a D2 hyperplastic alveolar nodule mammary tumor in a female BALB/c mouse, but were established from a tumor that did not readily form spontaneous metastases.

• Phenotype: They are characterized by a dormant or quiescent phenotype in certain microenvironments both in vivo and in vitro, meaning they can survive as solitary, non-proliferating cells for extended periods before potentially forming metastases.

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• Research Use: This cell line is crucial for investigating the mechanisms that control the switch from a dormant state to aggressive, proliferative metastatic growth. Researchers use it to study the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition (e.g., type I collagen induces proliferation) and the immune system (e.g., natural killer cells are key for maintaining dormancy) in regulating dormancy.

• Dormancy Markers: Dormant D2.0R cells express specific markers such as low levels of the proliferation marker Ki-67, low levels of phosphorylated ERK, high levels of p38, and high levels of dormancy-related genes like Cfh and Gas6.

• Culture Conditions: In a standard 3D culture system using a basement membrane extract (BME) matrix, D2.0R cells typically remain quiescent (dormant), while the D2A1 cells proliferate.

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